SPATIO-TEMPORAL VARIATION OF ACTUAL EVAPOTRANSPIRATION AND ITS RELATION WITH CLIMATE PARAMETERS IN THE PEARL RIVER BASIN, CHINA     

吴萍  李修仓  苏布达  占明锦  王艳君  姜彤 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2017,23(1):81-90

Spatio-temporal variation of actual evapotranspiration (ETa) in the Pearl River basin from 1961 to 2010 are analyzed based on daily data from 60 national observed stations. ETa is calculated by the Advection-Aridity model (AA model) in the current study, and Mann–Kendall test (MK) and Inverse Distance Weighted interpolation method (IDW) were applied to detect the trends and spatial variation pattern. The relations of ETa with climate parameters and radiation / dynamic terms are analyzed by Person correlation method. Our findings are shown as follows: 1) Mean annual ETa in the Pearl River basin is about 665.6 mm/a. It has significantly decreased in 1961–2010 at a rate of -24.3 mm/10a. Seasonally, negative trends of summer and autumn ETa are higher than that of spring and winter. 2) The value of ETa is higher in the southeast coastal area than in the northwest region of the Pearl River basin, while the latter has shown the strongest negative trend. 3) Negative trends of ETa in the Pearl River basin are most probably due to decreasing radiation term and increasing dynamic term. The decrease of the radiation term is related with declining diurnal temperature range and sunshine duration, and rising atmospheric pressure as well. The contribution of dynamic term comes from increasing average temperature, maximum and minimum temperatures in the basin. Meanwhile, the decreasing average wind speed weakens dynamic term and finally, to a certain extent, it slows down the negative trend of the ETa.  相似文献   

地球生态系统的营养盐硅补充机制   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

杨东方  高振会  秦洁  霍素霞  李忠强 《海洋科学进展》2006,24(4):568-576

通过海洋生态系统的结构和功能以及海洋生态系统对大气生态系统和陆地生态系统的影响,根据营养盐硅对浮游植物生长的影响过程和浮游植物的生理特征以及其集群结构的改变特点的研究结果,综合分析了硅的生物地球化学过程,探讨了人类对生态环境的影响和生态环境变化对地球生态系统的影响。提出了地球生态系统的营养盐硅的补充机制:近岸的洪水、大气的沙尘暴和海底的沉积物向缺硅的水体输入大量的硅,即由陆地、大气、海底3种途径将硅输入海水水体中,满足浮游植物的生长的需要,保持海洋中浮游植物生长的动态平衡,促进海洋生态系统的可持续发展。  相似文献   

中国夏季降水预测的能量互补模型     

蔡尔诚 《气象与环境科学》2007,30(2):27-29

统计结果表明,冬季最大能量特征线(副热带高空西风急流轴)与夏季最小能量特征线(副高脊线)在长江流域上空9-15 km近于重合,冬季高空西风急流轴位于夏季西太平洋副高588线的西北侧,即平均雨带附近.据此,可预测夏季主雨带.经1997-2005年实时预报,主雨带均无漏报.  相似文献   

中国夏季降水预测的能量互补模型     

蔡尔诚 《河南气象》2007,(2)

统计结果表明,冬季最大能量特征线(副热带高空西风急流轴)与夏季最小能量特征线(副高脊线)在长江流域上空9-15 km近于重合,冬季高空西风急流轴位于夏季西太平洋副高588线的西北侧,即平均雨带附近。据此,可预测夏季主雨带。经1997-2005年实时预报,主雨带均无漏报。  相似文献   

东天山阿齐山地区石炭纪汇宇岛弧花岗岩的厘定及意义   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

朱增伍  毛归来  吴丽云  尹翠芬 《陕西地质》2006,24(1):27-36

笔者在参加新疆东天山阿齐山一带1∶5万区域地质矿产调查工作中,通过对北天山岛弧区侵入岩的岩石学、岩石化学、岩石地球化学、同位素等的调查与研究,依据同源岩浆演化系列,将北天山岛弧区构造—岩浆岩带划分为主期中—酸性花岗岩和补充期钾质花岗岩两个大的岩浆演化阶段。其中,在北天山岛弧区原划三叠纪汇宇板内花岗岩获得中粒钾长花岗岩锆石U-Pb法313.8±0.8~351.3±0.9 Ma同位素测年值,据此将其侵入时代厘定为石炭纪,并通过岩石地球化学研究,认为其具离散式分布、属“S”型壳源花岗岩,具反序列成分演化,主要为岩浆结晶分异形成,属岛弧花岗岩的补充期侵入体。  相似文献   

数控车床刀具装夹误差对加工精度的影响分析     

宋崇杰  韩水华  陈长军 《测绘信息与工程》1996,(4)

对加工精度的影响进行了理论分析和计算，指出了目前经济型数控车床加工中存在的问题及解决方法。  相似文献   

Rare Earth Element Behaviour in theWunugetushan Copper - Molybdenum Deposit,Inner Mongolia, and Its Implications     

Qin Kezhang  Wang ZhitianBeijing Institute of Geology for M ineral Resources  CNNC  Beijing 《《地质学报》英文版》1994,68(2)

Considering porphyry and wall rocks as a whole system, the behaviour of rare earth elements (REE) in hydrothermal alteration and mineralization of the exceedingly large Wunugetushan porphyry Cu-Mo deposit of Inner Mongolia has been studied. It has been found for the first time that there exists complementary REE variation in hydrothermal alteration between porphyry and wall rocks, and Eu depletion has certain significance in indicating mineralization. Based on an analysis of the variation in REE contents of relevant minerals during the hydrothermal alteration, the ore-forming fluids are inferred to be depleted in ∑REE, comparatively enriched in ∑Y and strongly depleted in Eu. In the intermediate-strong alteration zones, porphyry and wall rock took part in hydrothermal metasomatism and alteration almost in equal ratio mass. Furthermore, studies of REE and hydrogen and oxygen isotopes and fluid inclusions confirm the existence of hydrothermal convection and the possibility of supplying part of ore mater  相似文献   

Uncertainities in estimation of extrapolated annual occurrence rate of earthquakes using logical tree     

Zhi-Xian Yang  Pei-Zhen Zhang  Yue-Jun Zheng 《地震学报(英文版)》1998,11(2):219-228

The logical tree methods are used for evaluate quantitatively relationship between frequency and magnitude, and deduce uncertainties of annual occurrence rate of earthquakes in the periods of lower magnitude earthquake. The uncertainties include deviations from the self-similarity of frequency-magnitude relations, different fitting methods, different methods obtained the annual occurrence rate, magnitude step used in fitting, start magnitude, error of magnitude and so on. Taking Xianshuihe River source zone as an example, we analyze uncertainties of occurrence rate of earthquakes M ≥ 4, which is needed in risk evaluation extrapolating from frequency-magnitude relations of stronger earthquakes. The annual occurrence rate of M ≥ 4 is usually required for seismic hazard assessment. The sensitivity analysis and examinations indicate that, in the same frequency-magnitude relations fitting method, the most sensitive factor is annual occurrence rate, the second is magnitude step and the following is start magnitude. Effect of magnitude error is rather small. Procedure of estimating the uncertainties is as follows: (1) Establishing a logical tree described uncertainties in frequency-magnitude relations by available data and knowledge about studied region. (2) Calculating frequency-magnitude relations for each end branches. (3) Examining sensitivities of each uncertainty factors, amending structure of logical tree and adjusting original weights. (4) Recalculating frequency-magnitude relations of end branches and complementary cumulative distribution function (CCDF) in each magnitude intervals. (5) Obtaining an annual occurrence rate of M ≥ 4 earthquakes under given fractiles. Taking fractiles as 20% and 80%, annual occurrence rate of M ≥ 4 events in Xianshuihe seismic zone is 0.643 0. The annual occurrence rate is 0.631 8 under fractiles of 50%, which is very close to that under fractiles 20% and 80%.  相似文献   

Dynamic Scaling of the Generalized Complementary Relationship Improves Long-term Tendency Estimates in Land Evaporation     

Jozsef SZILAGYI  Richard CRAGO  Ning MA 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):975-986

Most large-scale evapotranspiration(ET) estimation methods require detailed information of land use, land cover,and/or soil type on top of various atmospheric measurements. The complementary relationship of evaporation(CR) takes advantage of the inherent dynamic feedback mechanisms found in the soil-vegetation-atmosphere interface for its estimation of ET rates without the need of such biogeophysical data. ET estimates over the conterminous United States by a new, globally calibrated, static scaling(GCR-stat) of the generalized complementary relationship(GCR) of evaporation were compared to similar estimates of an existing, calibration-free version(GCR-dyn) of the GCR that employs a temporally varying dynamic scaling. Simplified annual water balances of 327 medium and 18 large watersheds served as ground-truth ET values. With long-term monthly mean forcing, GCR-stat(also utilizing precipitation measurements)outperforms GCR-dyn as the latter cannot fully take advantage of its dynamic scaling with such data of reduced temporal variability. However, in a continuous monthly simulation, GCR-dyn is on a par with GCR-stat, and especially excels in reproducing long-term tendencies in annual catchment ET rates even though it does not require precipitation information.The same GCR-dyn estimates were also compared to similar estimates of eight other popular ET products and they generally outperform all of them. For this reason, a dynamic scaling of the GCR is recommended over a static one for modeling long-term behavior of terrestrial ET.  相似文献   

基于变形加固理论的隧洞与巷道开挖稳定分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘耀儒  崔智雄  张莉  杨强 《岩土力学》2011,32(Z2):418-423

地下工程的开挖稳定和加固分析是岩土工程中的难题之一。变形加固理论是研究荷载超出结构极限承载力的理论,探求的目标是结构在承受荷载超出其极限承载力时维持稳定所需的最优加固力。给定荷载下结构出现不平衡力的区域即为首先破坏的区域;给定荷载下结构总是趋于加固力最小化、自承力最大化的状态。而整体稳定性可采用余能范数进行定量评价。基于三维非线性有限元方法,详细推导了不平衡力和塑性余能范数的表达式。通过典型深部隧洞与巷道开挖及加固的算例,对比分析了加固前后围岩内不平衡力的分布以及塑性余能范数的大小。结果表明,对围岩加固可在一定程度上提高围岩的强度和承载能力。  相似文献